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AOD-9604 is a fragment of growth hormone designed to target fat without growth effects. It burned fat in obese mice; human weight-loss trials did not beat placebo.

Retatrutide, shown here as GLP3, targets three appetite and metabolism signals at once. In a phase 2 trial, people lost about 24% of their body weight on average over 48 weeks, and it is now in late-stage trials.

Semaglutide is the GLP-1 medicine behind Wegovy and Ozempic. It turns down appetite and steadies blood sugar, with about 15% average weight loss in its main weight trial.

Tirzepatide works on two gut-hormone signals, GLP-1 and GIP, that control appetite and blood sugar. It is approved as Zepbound and Mounjaro, with about 21% average weight loss at the top dose in its main trial.